BETWEEN KIEV AND VENICE - THE COGNITIVE WARFARE AND THE BIENNALE OF VENICE
Abstract
Research Paper
DOI: 10.37458/ssj.3.2.6
The Russia-Ukraine conflict is witnessing the intensive use of information warfare and psychological warfare which are part of the cognitive warfare. The main goal of cognitive warfare is to wage a war on what an enemy community thinks, loves or believes in, by altering its representation of reality and the art is an important asset and domain of the cognitive warfare. The Venice Biennale serves as a major international art exhibition celebrating achievements in contemporary art, architecture, film, theater, and dance. Some experts call it “the Olympics of the art world.” This article provides analysis of the case study of the Biennale of Venice as a theater of cognitive warfare between Russia and Ukraine. It’s still uncertain how the war will end in Ukraine, but at the 2022 Venice art biennale it is clear which side has prevailed on the art and cultural front.
References
Backes, Oliver & Swab, Andrew. (2019). Cognitive Warfare. The Russian Threat to Election Integrity in the Baltic States. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs.
Brancati Dawn, five ways art and war are related, political violence at a glance, January 5, 2018. https://politicalviolenceataglance.org/2018/01/05/five-ways-art-and-war-are-related/
Bernal, Alonso et al. (2020). Cognitive Warfare: An Attack on Truth and Thought. URL
https://www.innovationhub-act.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Cognitive%20Warfare.pdf
Bourke Joanna (ed), war and art a visual history of modern conflict, 2017, reaction books. http://www.reaktionbooks.co.uk/pdfs/war-and-art-intro-V2.pdf
Bjørgul Lea Kristina, Cognitive warfare and the use of force, stratagem, November 3, 2021. https://www.stratagem.no/cognitive-warfare-and-the-use-of-force/
Ruari Casey, At Venice Biennale, Ukrainian artists defy Russia’s invasion, Al Jazeera, April 22, 2022. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/22/venice-biennale-ukrainian-artists-russia-invasion
Claverie B., B. Prébot, N. Buchler and F. Du Cluzel. Cognitive Warfare: The Future of Cognitive Dominance, First NATO scientific meeting on Cognitive Warfare (France) ‒ 21 June 2021, March 2022. https://www.innovationhub-act.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/Cognitive%20Warfare%20Symposium%20-%20ENSC%20-%20March%202022%20Publication.pdf
Dekel, U., Moran-Gilad, L. (2019). Cognition: Combining Soft Power and Hard Power. In Y. Kuperwasser, D. Siman-Tov (Eds.), The Cognitive Campaign: Strategic and Intelligence Perspectives, Intelligence in Theory and in Practice. 4, 10, 2019, 151-164. The Institute for the Research of the Methodology of Intelligence and The Institute for National Security Studies: Tel Aviv, Israel.
Feiner Lauren, Ukraine is winning the information war against Russia, CNBC, March 1, 2022.https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/01/ukraine-is-winning-the-information-war-against-russia.html
Greenberger Alex,Venice Biennale Adds Last-Minute Ukraine Solidarity Show Days Before Opening, ARTnews, April 15, 2022.
https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/venice-biennale-piazza-ucraina-1234625463/
Hutchison Margaret &Emily Robertson, Introduction: Art, War, and Truth – Images of Conflict, journal of war and culture stidies,Volume 8, 2015 – issue 2, April 29, 2015. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/1752627215Z.00000000065
Khong Liang, “It’s a Matter of National Security”: the Ukraine Pavilion at the 59th Venice Biennale, Art review, April 20, 2022.
Kuperwasser Y., D. Siman-Tov (Eds.), The Cognitive Campaign: Strategic and Intelligence Perspectives, Intelligence in Theory and in Practice. 4, 10, 2019. The Institute for the Research of the Methodology of Intelligence and The Institute for National Security Studies: Tel Aviv, Israel.
Ottewell, Paul. (2020). Defining the Cognitive Domain. OTH. Defining the Cognitive Domain – OTH (othjournal.com) https://othjournal.com/2020/12/07/defining-the-cognitive-domain/
Pappalardo David, "win the war before war?"a French perspective on cognitive warfare, war on the rocks, August 1, 2022. https://warontherocks.com/2022/08/win-the-war-before-the-war-a-french-perspective-on-cognitive-warfare/
Pocheptsov Georgii, Cognitive attacks in Russian hybrid warfare, Information & Security: An International Journal, vol.41, 2018, 37-43. https://isij.eu/article/cognitive-attacks-russian-hybrid-warfare
Pradhan S. D, Role of cognitive warfare in Russia-Ukraine conflict: Potential for achieving strategic victory bypassing traditional battlefield, the times of India, May 8, 2022. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/ChanakyaCode/role-of-cognitive-warfare-in-russia-ukraine-conflict-potential-for-achieving-strategic-victory-bypassing-traditional-battlefield/
Razzall Katie,Venice Biennale: Ukrainian art exhibition opens in shadow of war, BBC news, April 22, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61186014
Remarks before the Nazi War Criminals Interagency, Inter-Agency Working Group, National Archives. https://www.archives.gov/iwg/research-papers/weitzman-remarks-june-1999.html
Rosner, Yotam & Siman-Tov, David. (2018). Russian Intervention in the US Presidential Elections: The New Threat of Cognitive Subversion. INSS Insight, No. 1031.URL: Russian Intervention in the US Presidential Elections: The New Threat of Cognitive Subversion | INSS
Ruairi Casey, At Venice Biennale, Ukrainian artists defy Russia’s invasion, Al Jazeera, April 20 ,2022.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/22/venice-biennale-ukrainian-artists-russia-invasion
UK spy chief says Putin is losing information war in Ukraine — The Economist, Arab news, August 19, 2022.
© 2020 Security Science Journal. All rights reserved